Scad Programme

Archive for November, 2011

I recently replaced the business phone systems in the company I own to accommodate the needs of my staff. I wish I could say that it was to accommodate the needs of our customers, but sadly, that isn’t the case. You see, our old phone system had many more extensions than we had lines for. It was built with the assumption that inter-office communications would be utilized more than incoming and outgoing calls. Since my company deals primarily with internet business and doesn’t do much in the way of transactions over the phone, the system I put in place in the late 90′s had served us well until very recently. As of late, I have had vendors who had traditionally reached me by phone sending me e-mails. They were complaining that it’s often impossible to get through to me. I looked into the matter and this is what I found… Most of my employees were spending a great deal of time talking on the phone. They weren’t talking to vendors, customers, service providers or other business entities. Instead, they were utilizing the phone for personal reasons.

Don’t get me wrong, I’m not the type of boss who thinks it’s never acceptable to talk on the phone. I understand that during the workday, things are inevitably bound to come up which require an employees’ attention. We’ve all been there. Perhaps a child is sick or the car is in the shop needing repairs. I understand that these things often require time spent on the phone. Judging from the traffic on my lines and the astronomical phone bills I was receiving, however, this was way beyond what I think any employer would consider acceptable.

So, I decided to replace the old phone system. The new system has a line for every extension, including mine, so that vendors or anyone else will be able to reach me at any time. Since the new phone system also offers increased functionality, I had an additional feature programmed in.

Now, whenever someone makes an outgoing call, they must dial in their own code so that both the number they call and the times spent are recorded. These records are matched to the phone bill and all employees are required to mark the non-business related calls they make each month. Since the calls bear their code, they cannot say it wasn’t them who made the call. Of course, they must pay for these calls. I have noticed that phone times (and my phone bills) have decreased substantially.

To earn your CCNP certification and pass the BCMSN exam, you’ve got to know what HSRP does and the many configurable options. While the operation of HSRP is quite simple (and covered in a previous tutorial), you also need to know how HSRP arrives at the MAC address for the virtual router – as well as how to configure a new MAC for this virtual router. This puts us in the unusual position of creating a physical address for a router that doesn’t exist!

The output of show standby for a two-router HSRP configuration is shown below.

R2#show standby

Ethernet0 – Group 5

Local state is Standby, priority 100

Hellotime 3 sec, holdtime 10 sec

Next hello sent in 0.776

Virtual IP address is 172.12.23.10 configured

Active router is 172.12.23.3, priority 100 expires in 9.568

Standby router is local

1 state changes, last state change 00:00:22

R3#show standby

Ethernet0 – Group 5

Local state is Active, priority 100

Hellotime 3 sec, holdtime 10 sec

Next hello sent in 2.592

Virtual IP address is 172.12.23.10 configured

Active router is local

Standby router is 172.12.23.2 expires in 8.020

Virtual mac address is 0000.0c07.ac05

2 state changes, last state change 00:02:08

R3 is in Active state, while R2 is in Standby. The hosts are using the 172.12.123.10 address as their gateway, but R3 is actually handling the workload. R2 will take over if R3 becomes unavailable.

An IP address was assigned to the virtual router during the HSRP configuration process, but not a MAC address. However, there is a MAC address under the show standby output on R3, the active router. How did the HSRP process arrive at a MAC of 00-00-0c-07-ac-05?

Well, most of the work is already done before the configuration is even begun. The MAC address 00-00-0c-07-ac-xx is reserved for HSRP, and xx is the group number in hexadecimal. That’s a good skill to have for the exam, so make sure you’re comfortable with hex conversions. The group number is 5, which is expressed as 05 with a two-bit hex character. If the group number had been 17, we’d see 11 at the end of the MAC address – one unit of 16, one unit of 1.

The output of the show standby command also tells us that the HSRP speakers are sending Hellos every 3 seconds, with a 10-second holdtime. These values can be changed with the standby command, but HSRP speakers in the same group should have the same timers. You can even tie down the hello time to the millisecond, but it’s doubtful you’ll ever need to do that.

R3(config-if)#standby 5 timers ?

Hello interval in seconds

msec Specify hello interval in milliseconds

R3(config-if)#standby 5 timers 4 ?

Hold time in seconds

R3(config-if)#standby 5 timers 4 12

Another important HSRP skill is knowing how to change the Active router assignment. I’ll show you how to do that, and how to configure HSRP interface tracking, in the next part of my CCNP / BCMSN exam tutorial!

It is well known that on You Tube, you can find the widest variety of songs to listen to and watch. This makes You Tube a very popular place when searching for music to listen to, and music videos to watch. Music as it turns out, is just as important as anything else you could think of as important, and hence brings out the sanity around us.

Whereas is true that a YouTube Video Downloader , allows you to download music and videos very easily, it is also true that you cannot directly make the songs into an MP3 and be able to enjoy listening to it. You need to have a converter for instance an MP3 Converter.

With an MP3 Converter, you can download songs, and get the songs downloaded to the most audible formats. More interesting is that conversion of the songs takes place directly and is so convenient. In this way you can make a list of your favorite songs and even a play list. Since the process is very fast, it saves a lot in terms of time. If you use a free MP3 Converter, then you do not have to worry again on the cost of the converter. You can get a free version by downloading it for free online.

The good thing about an MP3 Converter is that it can convert almost all the files. This gives you the peace of not worrying about the type of file that you have. You only need the converter to make your file to work.

When a song is saved by an MP3 Converter, less space is used as the file is compressed. This makes it easier for the file to be saved and sent. The file can also be accessed from anywhere, making it more lovely, and the reason behind the young generations love for the device.

If you are bored with the same ringtones, try the MP3 Converter, for with it, you can convert ringtones, from any MP3 player to your mobile phones. You therefore will be able to listen to your favorite songs all times your phone rings.